I would have opened a broader rang of data but refused to allow cookies.
December 5, 2022 marks the 70th anniversary of the start of the Great London Smog of 1952 which lasted for five days and led to an estimated 4,000 excess deaths during that month. The smog (a combination of smoke and fog), caused mainly by coal burning from domestic fireplaces, power stations and furnaces, led to the introduction of the Clean Air Act of 1956, a pivotal change in the application of pollution control policies in the UK. The Act allowed, for the first time, local authorities to declare smoke control areas, and introduced grants to help people convert their fireplaces. It also controlled dark smoke emissions from factories and furnaces and laid the foundation for future pollution control measures such as the Clean Air Act 1968, and the Environment Act 1995.
This report describes the air quality issues we faced in 1952, the evolution of pollution sources associated with the change in residential heating and the growth in road traffic, and the issues we still face in 2022. It also covers the health impacts of air pollution and summarises key recent policies to improve air quality in London.
Historically, air pollution was very different to that we experience in London today. Complaints were first recorded hundreds of years ago when coal burning was first introduced into London, and from the mid-19th century smogs were a common event in large British cities during the winter months.
In 1952, coal combustion from domestic fireplaces, power stations and industrial furnaces was the main source of pollution, with smoke and sulphur dioxide being the principal pollutants of concern.
During the period of the Great London Smog, daily average sulphur dioxide concentrations were in the range of 3,000 to 4,000 µg/m3 on three consecutive daysReference:1 (the current WHO air quality guideline is 40 µg/m3), and daily smoke (fine particulate matter) concentrationsReference:2 were measured at 490 µg/m3 on December 4, rising to 4,460 µg/m3 on December 7 and 8 (compared to an current legal limit value of 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year).
Concentrations of both sulphur dioxide and smoke reduced dramatically from the mid-1960s onwards. This improvement was brought about by the use of cleaner fuels (such as gas), the progressive closure and relocation of power stations in London, and the overall decline of heavy industry.
Emissions causing air pollution problems in London have now changed considerably, with the shift from solid fuel burning to gas, the principal source of pollution in London in recent years is now road traffic. https://www.london.gov.uk/programmes-strategies/environment-and-climate-change/environment-and-climate-change-publications/70-years-great-london-smog
I gather the Government adjusted the dates for these smogs for political reason not the truth. I have no proof though just a radio programmes overheard several years ago.
December 5th to 10th 1952: 1952-12-05 0:00:00
Pluto Mercury Venus and Mars; Uranus earth Mars; Jupiter Earth Mercury and Saturn; Neptune Saturn Sol
1952-12-10 0:00:00 Pluto Venus Mars; Neptune Saturn Sol; Mars Venus Mercury; Uranus Earth Venus
Major earthquakes December 1952 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1952
| = 7 | 7.0 | 0 |  United Kingdom, Solomon Islands | VII (Very strong) | 15.0 | December 6 |
Major eruptions December 1952 hopeless trawls try Smithsonan eruptions December 1952
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